Federalist Papers

The Constitution for the United States was framed by a diverse group of statesmen who met in Philadelphia in 1787. Over a three month period, the document was vigorously debated, discussed and dissected. It was eventually adopted by the states. We are familiar with the writings of the Federalist, letters and essays which appeared in support of the new Constitution. Signed under the name of Publius, the 85 Federalist letters were believed to be authored by John Jay, James Madison and Alexander Hamilton.

Each Paper is in a separate file. The files are sequentially linked and linked to their corresponding Antifederalist Papers. All the Papers are also in one file to facilitate word and phrase searches across all Federalist Papers. In the future more footnotes will be linked and bi-directional links will be established between the Constitution and the Federalist Papers. Then the intent of the founders will be easy to determine, even for congressmen and justices.  2009 reading:  The Plague of Self-Delusion.

Contents

FEDERALIST No. 1
General Introduction for the Independent Journal by Hamilton
FEDERALIST No. 2
Concerning Dangers from Foreign Force and Influence for the Independent Journal by Jay
FEDERALIST No. 3
Concerning Dangers From Foreign Force and Influence (continued) for the Independent Journal by Jay
FEDERALIST No. 4
Concerning Dangers From Foreign Force and Influence (continued) for the Independent Journal by Jay
FEDERALIST No. 5
Concerning Dangers From Foreign Force and Influence (continued) for the Independent Journal by Jay
FEDERALIST No. 6
Concerning Dangers from Dissensions Between the States for the Independent Journal by Hamilton
FEDERALIST. No. 7
Concerning Dangers from Dissensions Between the States (continued) for the Independent Journal by Hamilton
FEDERALIST No. 8
The Consequences of Hostilities Between the States from the New York Packet, Tuesday, November 20, 1787 by Hamilton
FEDERALIST No. 9
The Union as a Safeguard Against Domestic Faction and Insurrection for the Independent Journal by Hamilton
FEDERALIST No. 10
The Union as a Safeguard Against Domestic Faction and Insurrection (continued) from the New York Packet, Friday, November 23, 1787 by Madison
FEDERALIST No. 11
The Utility of the Union in Respect to Commercial Relations and a Navy for the Independent Journal by Hamilton
FEDERALIST No. 12
The Utility of the Union In Respect to Revenue from the New York Packet, Tuesday, November 27, 1787 by Hamilton
FEDERALIST No. 13
Advantage of the Union in Respect to Economy in Government for the Independent Journal by Hamilton
FEDERALIST No. 14
Objections to the Proposed Constitution From Extent of Territory Answered from the New York Packet, Friday, November 30, 1787 by Madison
FEDERALIST No. 15
The Insufficiency of the Present Confederation to Preserve the Union for the Independent Journal by Hamilton
FEDERALIST No. 16
The Insufficiency of the Present Confederation to Preserve the Union (continued) from the New York Packet, Tuesday, December 4, 1787 by Hamilton
FEDERALIST No. 17
The Insufficiency of the Present Confederation to Preserve the Union (continued) for the Independent Journal by Hamilton
FEDERALIST No. 18
The Insufficiency of the Present Confederation to Preserve the Union (continued) for the Independent Journal by Hamilton and Madison
FEDERALIST No. 19
The Insufficiency of the Present Confederation to Preserve the Union (continued) for the Independent Journal by Hamilton and Madison
FEDERALIST No. 20
The Insufficiency of the Present Confederation to Preserve the Union (continued) from the New York Packet, Tuesday, December 11, 1787, Hamilton and Madison
FEDERALIST No. 21
Other Defects of the Present Confederation for the Independent Journal by Hamilton
FEDERALIST No. 22
Other Defects of the Present Confederation (continued) from the New York Packet, Friday, December 14, 1787 by Hamilton
FEDERALIST No. 23
The Necessity of a Government as Energetic as the One Proposed to the Preservation of the Union from the New York Packet, Tuesday, December 18, 1787 by Hamilton
FEDERALIST No. 24
The Powers Necessary to the Common Defense Further Considered for the Independent Journal by Hamilton
FEDERALIST No. 25
The Powers Necessary to the Common Defense Further Considered (continued) from the New York Packet, Friday, December 21, 1787 by Hamilton
FEDERALIST No. 26
The Idea of Restraining the Legislative Authority in Regard to the Common Defense Considered for the Independent Journal by Hamilton
FEDERALIST No. 27
The Idea of Restraining the Legislative Authority in Regard to the Common Defense Considered (continued) from the New York Packet, Tuesday, December 25, 1787 by Hamilton
FEDERALIST No. 28
The Idea of Restraining the Legislative Authority in Regard to the Common Defense Considered (continued) for the Independent Journal by Hamilton
FEDERALIST No. 29
Concerning the Militia from the Daily Advertiser, Thursday, January 10, 1788 by Hamilton
FEDERALIST No. 30
Concerning the General Power of Taxation from the New York Packet, Friday, December 28, 1787 by Hamilton
FEDERALIST No. 31
Concerning the General Power of Taxation (continued) from the New York Packet, Tuesday, January 1, 1788 by Hamilton
FEDERALIST No. 32
Concerning the General Power of Taxation (continued) from the Daily Advertiser, Thursday, January 3, 1788 by Hamilton
FEDERALIST No. 33
Concerning the General Power of Taxation (continued) from the Daily Advertiser, January 3, 1788 by Hamilton
FEDERALIST No. 34
Concerning the General Power of Taxation (continued) from the New York Packet, Friday, January 4, 1788 by Hamilton
FEDERALIST No. 35
Concerning the General Power of Taxation (continued) for the Independent Journal by Hamilton
FEDERALIST No. 36
Concerning the General Power of Taxation (continued) from the New York Packet, Tuesday January 8, 1788 by Hamilton
FEDERALIST No. 37
Concerning the Difficulties of the Convention in Devising a Proper Form of Government from the Daily Advertiser, Friday, January 11, 1788 by Madison
FEDERALIST No. 38
Concerning the Difficulties of the Convention in Devising a Proper Form of Government from the New York Packet, Tuesday, January 15, 1788 by Madison
FEDERALIST No. 39
The Conformity of the Plan to Republican Principles for the Independent Journal by Madison
FEDERALIST No. 40
The Powers of the Convention to Form a Mixed Government Examined and Sustained from the New York Packet, Friday, January 18, 1788 by Madison
FEDERALIST No. 41
General View of the Powers Conferred by The Constitution for the Independent Journal by Madison
FEDERALIST No. 42
The Powers Conferred by the Constitution Further Considered from the New York Packet. Tuesday, January 22, 1788 by Madison
FEDERALIST No. 43
The Powers Conferred by the Constitution Further Considered (continued) for the Independent Journal by Madison
FEDERALIST No. 44
Restrictions on the Authority of the Several States from the New York Packet. Friday, January 25, 1788 by Madison
FEDERALIST No. 45
The Alleged Danger From the Powers of the Union to the State Governments Considered for the Independent Journal by Madison
FEDERALIST No. 46
The Influence of the State and Federal Governments Compared from the New York Packet. Tuesday, January 29, 1788 by Madison
FEDERALIST No. 47
The Particular Structure of the New Government and the Distribution of Power Among Its Different Parts from the New York Packet. Friday, February 1, 1788 by Madison
FEDERALIST No. 48
These Departments Should Not Be So Far Separated as to Have No Constitutional Control Over Each Other from the New York Packet. Friday, February 1, 1788 by Madison
FEDERALIST No. 49
Method of Guarding Against the Encroachments of Any One Department of Government by Appealing to the People Through a Convention from the New York Packet. Tuesday, February 5, 1788 by Hamilton or Madison
FEDERALIST No. 50
Periodical Appeals to the People Considered from the New York Packet. Tuesday, February 5, 1788 by Hamilton or Madison
FEDERALIST No. 51
The Structure of the Government Must Furnish the Proper Checks and Balances Between the Different Departments from the New York Packet. Friday, February 8, 1788 by Hamilton or Madison
FEDERALIST No. 52
The House of Representatives from the New York Packet. Friday, February 8, 1788 by Hamilton or Madison
FEDERALIST No. 53
The House of Representatives (continued) from the New York Packet. Tuesday, February 12, 1788 by Hamilton or Madison
FEDERALIST No. 54
The Apportionment of Members Among the States from the New York Packet. Tuesday, February 12, 1788 by Hamilton or Madison
FEDERALIST No. 55
The Total Number of the House of Representatives from the New York Packet. Friday, February 15, 1788 by Hamilton or Madison
FEDERALIST No. 56
The Total Number of the House of Representatives (continued) from the New York Packet. Tuesday, February 19, 1788 by Hamilton or Madison
FEDERALIST No. 57
The Alleged Tendency of the New Plan to Elevate the Few at the Expense of the Many Considered in Connection with Representation from the New York Packet. Tuesday, February 19, 1788 by Hamilton or Madison
FEDERALIST No. 58
Objection That The Number of Members Will Not Be Augmented as the Progress of Population Demands Considered by Madison
FEDERALIST No. 59
Concerning the Power of Congress to Regulate the Election of Members from the New York Packet. Friday, February 22, 1788 by Hamilton
FEDERALIST No. 60
Concerning the Power of Congress to Regulate the Election of Members (continued) from the New York Packet. Tuesday, February 26, 1788 by Hamilton
FEDERALIST No. 61
Concerning the Power of Congress to Regulate the Election of Members (continued) from the New York Packet, Tuesday, February 26, 1788 by Hamilton
FEDERALIST No. 62
The Senate for the Independent Journal by Hamilton or Madison
FEDERALIST No. 63
The Senate (continued) for the Independent Journal by Hamilton or Madison
FEDERALIST No. 64
The Powers of the Senate from the New York Packet, Friday, March 7, 1788 by Jay
FEDERALIST No. 65
The Powers of the Senate (continued) from the New York Packet, Friday, March 7, 1788 by Hamilton
FEDERALIST No. 66
Objections to the Power of the Senate To Set as a Court for Impeachments Further Considered from the New York Packet, Tuesday, March 11, 1788 by Hamilton
FEDERALIST No. 67
The Executive Department from the New York Packet, Tuesday, March 11, 1788 by Hamilton
FEDERALIST No. 68
The Mode of Electing the President from the New York Packet. Friday, March 14, 1788 by Hamilton
FEDERALIST No. 69
The Real Character of the Executive from the New York Packet, Friday, March 14, 1788 by Hamilton (There are two slightly different versions of No. 70 included here)
FEDERALIST No. 70
The Executive Department Further Considered from the New York Packet, Tuesday, March 18, 1788 by Hamilton
FEDERALIST No. 70a
The Executive Department Further Considered (continued) from the New York Packet, Tuesday, March 18, 1788 by Hamilton
FEDERALIST No. 71
The Duration in Office of the Executive from the New York Packet, Tuesday, March 18, 1788 by Hamilton
FEDERALIST No. 72
The Duration in Office of the Executive and Re-Eligibility of the Executive Considered from the New York Packet, Friday, March 21, 1788 by Hamilton
FEDERALIST No. 73
The Provision For The Support of the Executive, and the Veto Power from the New York Packet. Friday, March 21, 1788 by Hamilton
FEDERALIST No. 74
The Command of the Military and Naval Forces, and the Pardoning Power of the Executive from the New York Packet, Tuesday, March 25, 1788 by Hamilton
FEDERALIST No. 75
The Treaty-Making Power of the Executive for the Independent Journal by Hamilton
FEDERALIST No. 76
The Appointing Power of the Executive from the New York Packet, Tuesday, April 1, 1788 by Hamilton
FEDERALIST No. 77
The Appointing Power Continued and Other Powers of the Executive Considered from the New York Packet, Friday, April 4, 1788 by Hamilton
FEDERALIST No. 78
The Judiciary Department from McLean's Edition, New York by Hamilton
FEDERALIST No. 79
The Judiciary Department (continued) from McLean's Edition, New York by Hamilton
FEDERALIST No. 80
The Powers of the Judiciary from McLean's Edition, New York by Hamilton
FEDERALIST. No. 81
The Powers of the Judiciary and the Distribution of the Judicial Authority from McLean's Edition, New York by Hamilton
FEDERALIST No. 82
The Powers of the Judiciary and the Distribution of the Judicial Authority (continued) from McLean's Edition, New York by Hamilton
FEDERALIST No. 83
The Powers of the Judiciary in Relation to Trial by Jury (continued) from McLean's Edition, New York by Hamilton
FEDERALIST No. 84
Certain General and Miscellaneous Objections to the Constitution Considered and Answered from McLean's Edition, New York by Hamilton
FEDERALIST No. 85
Concluding Remarks from McLean's Edition, New York by Hamilton

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