When in the Course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the Political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume among the Powers of the earth, the separate and equal Station to which the Laws of Nature and of Nature's God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the Separation.____________ We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal under law, that by virtue of their existence have certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and Property. __ That to secure these rights, Agreements are instituted among Men, deriving their just Powers from the consent of the agreed,__ That whenever any Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute a voluntary society, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness. Prudence, indeed, will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient causes; and accordingly all experience hath shewn, that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable, than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed. But when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariably the same Object evidences a design to reduce them under absolute Despotism, it is their right, it is their duty, to throw off such Government, and to provide new Guards for their future security.__ Such has been the patient sufferance of these self-governors; and such is now the necessity which constrains them to alter their former Systems of Government. The history of governments is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations, all having in direct object the establishment of an absolute Tyranny over these people. To prove this, let Facts be submitted to a candid world.________________ They have refused their Assent to Laws, the most wholesome and necessary for the individual good.__________ They have forbidden self-governors to ignore Laws of immediate and pressing harm till their Assent should be obtained; and when so identified, they have utterly neglected to attend to them__________ They have refused to repeal other Laws for the accommodation of large numbers of self-governors, unless those people would relinquish the right of free trade, a right inestimable to them and formidable to tyrants only.________ They have called together judicial bodies at places unusual, uncomfortable, and distant from due process, for the sole purpose of fatiguing them into compliance with their measures.________ They have usurped their own Constitutions and ignored the people's Bill of Rights repeatedly, for opposing with manly firmness their invasions on the rights of the people.______ They have refused for a long time after such dissolutions, to cause their restoration; whereby the Legislative powers incapable of Annihilation, have returned to the People at large for their exercise; the State remaining in the mean time exposed to all the dangers of invasion from without, and convulsions within.______ They have endeavoured to prevent the population of these States; for that purpose obstructing the Laws for Naturalization of Foreigners; refusing to pass others to encourage their migrations hither, and raising the conditions of new Appropriations of Lands.______ They have obstructed the Administration of Justice, by refusing their Assent to Laws for re-establishing Judiciary powers. ________ They have made Judges dependent on their Will alone, for the tenure of their offices, and the amount and payment of their salaries.______They have erected a multitude of New Offices, and sent hither swarms of Officers to harass our people, and eat out their substance.______ They have kept among us, in times of peace Standing Armies without the Consent of our legislatures.______ They have affected to render the Military independent of and superior to the State power.______ They have combined with others to subject us to a jurisdiction foreign to our constitution, and unacknowledged by our laws; giving their Assent to their Acts of pretended Legislation:____ For quartering large bodies of armed troops among us:__ For protecting them, by a mock Trial, from punishment for any Murders which they should commit on the Inhabitants of these Earth:___ For cutting off truly free Trade with all parts of the world:____ For imposing Taxes on us in disproportion to or with out our Consent:____ For depriving us in many cases, of the benefits of Trial by Arbitrator or Jury:____ For transporting us beyond Seas to be tried for pretended offenses:______ For abolishing the free System of free trader Laws, establishing an Arbitrary government, and enlarging its Boundaries so as to render it once an example and fit instrument for introducing the same absolute rule into the world:______ For taking away our self-ownership, abolishing our most valuable Laws, and altering fundamentally the Forms of our Governance:___ For suspending our own Legislatures, and declaring themselves invested with power to legislate for us in all cases whatsoever.-- They have abdicated self-government here, by declaring us out of his Protection and waging War against us.______ They have plundered our seas, ravaged our Coasts, burnt our towns, and destroyed the Lives of our people.______ They are at this time transporting large Armies of foreign Mercenaries to complete the works of death, desolation and tyranny, already begun with circumstances of Cruelty & perfidy scarcely paralleled in the most barbarous ages, and totally unworthy the Head of a civilized nation.______ They have constrained our fellow free traders taken Captive others for prohibition offenses, to become the executioners of their friends and Brethren, or to fall themselves by their Hands.____ They have excited domestic insurrections amongst us, and have endeavoured to bring on the inhabitants of our frontiers, the merciless Bureaucrat Savages, whose known rule of warfare, is an undistinguished destruction of all ages, sexes and conditions. In every stage of these Oppressions We have Petitioned for Redress in the most humble terms: Our repeated Petitions have been answered by repeated injury. A Prince, whose character is thus marked by every act which may define a Tyrant, is unfit to be the ruler of a free people. Nor have We been wanting in attentions to our collectivist brethren. We have warned them from time to time of attempts by their legislature to extend an unwarrantable jurisdiction over us. We have reminded them of the circumstances of our self-governance. We have appealed to their native justice and magnanimity, and we have conjured them by the ties of our common kindred to disavow these usurpations, which, would inevitably interrupt our connections and correspondence. They too have been deaf to the voice of justice and of consanguinity. We must, therefore, acquiesce in the necessity, which denounces our Separation, and hold them, as we hold the rest of mankind, Enemies in War, in Peace Friends.________________ We, therefore, the people of the world, in Nature, appealing to the common sense of the World for the rectitude of our intentions, do, in the Name, and by the Authority of the good People of Earth, solemnly publish and declare, That these self-governors are, and of right ought to be Free traders and Independent Individuals; that they are Absolved from all Allegiance to government, and that all political connection between them and government, is and ought to be totally dissolved; and that as Free trader sand Independent Individuals,they have full Power to defend themselves, create contracts,contract Alliances, establish Commerce, and to do all other Acts and Things which Independent Individuals may of right do.______